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Orazbayeva A. On the Traditions of Steppe Diplomacy (Based on the Example of the History of Kazakhstan)

Altaiy Orazbayeva
Kazakhstan branch of the Lomonosov Moscow State University
Kazakhstan, Astana
ORCID 0009-0002-0408-6836
E-mail: altaiyorazbayeva@gmail.com

 

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ABSTRACT. This Article examines theoretical aspects of the specifics of peace and war of the Eurasian nomads based on the example of the history of Kazakhstan. According to the author's opinion, each nation, society, state has its own specific historical character traits, its own types of wars, ways and methods of achieving peace, along with an explanation of the causes of internal and external confrontations, which serve as an indicator of the consistency, cohesion and unity of any society. Folk diplomacy of Kazakhs, which inherited rich traditions of Steppe diplomacy, originated from the letters of Atilla presented to ambassadors from Eastern Rome, recorded in the Chinese chronicles of embassies between Chinese emperors and Wusun Gunmo in the ancient times. Then followed in the era of the Turkic Kaganate series of embassies between Turks and Iranians, Sogdians, Byzantines, who further absorbed the arsenal of diplomacy Yeke Mongol Ulus, Ulug Ulus, Timur’s empire, officially elevated to the rank of the basic provisions of legal norms of ambassadorial customs. In-depth knowledge and fair scientifically grounded interpretation of different variations of forms, kinds, types of the phenomenon of "war" and "peace" in the nomadic environment of Kazakhs could help to evaluate in a new way the peculiarities of the construction of the foreign policy aspect of the statehood of the Kazakh Eli with neighboring states.

 

KEYWORDS: statehood, war, peace, steppe diplomacy, Eurasian nomads, embassy custom

 

FOR CITATION: Orazbayeva A. On the Traditions of Steppe Diplomacy (Based on the Example of the History of Kazakhstan). Kunstkamera. 2023. 3(21): 58–67. (In Russian). doi 10.31250/2618-8619-2023-3(21)-58-67

 

DOI 10.31250/2618-8619-2023-3(21)-58-67
УДК 327(574)

 

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