RU | EN
Submenu

Ryabov A., Kuznetsova N. A Russian Official about Trial and Punishment among the Kazakh in the First Half of the 19th Century (Based on V. I. Dahl's Story “Bikey and Maulyana”)

Aleksandr Ryabov
Saint-Petersburg University of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
ORCID: 0000-0003-1767-1479
E-mail: ryboff@yandex.ru

 

Natalia Kuznetsova
Moscow City University
Moscow, Russian Federation
ORCID: 0000-0002-0116-4512
E-mail: nwkusnetsova@yandex.ru

 

 Download  |  Go to Issue #3. 2023

 

ABSTRACT. V. I. Dahl served as an official of special assignments in Orenburg since 1833, directly observed the administrative changes in the region, took part in these changes. Military governor V. A. Perovsky vested him with wide powers. Dahl began his work on the story “Bikey and Maulyana” immediately after his arrival to Orenburg; it was based on real events of the case of Bikey’s murder in 1831. The theme of trial and punishment is revealed in the events of the story and digressions – reasoning, descriptions, inserted episodes. Dahl speaks about the implementation of the strongman’s right and the norms of customary law, describes traditional nomadic trial, reasons about Russian justice. Nomads’ domestic vigilante justice is the event outline of the story; in digressions, the theme of trial and punishment is revealed much broader. The Russian official creates a number of oppositions in the story and leads to the idea of the positive role of the Russians in the region for the Kazakhs. He removes the antithesis of the Eastern and Western man, stressing that each person has his own way of life, his own perception of reality. At the same time, he seeks to demonstrate that it is necessary to influence the nomads’ habit of arbitrariness, to change their characteristic methods of punishing crimes. Thus, Dahl conveys the idea, which was relevant at the time of the writing the story, of the need to reform the judicial system in the region, and emphasizes the positive value of the civilizational mission of the Russian Empire.

 

KEYWORDS: Dahl, Russian Empire, Kazakhs, first half of the 19th century, trial, punishment, story

 

FOR CITATION: Ryabov A., Kuznetsova N. A Russian Official about Trial and Punishment among the Kazakh in the First Half of the 19th Century (Based on V. I. Dahl’s Story “Bikey and Maulyana”). Kunstkamera. 2023. 3(21): 103–117. (In Russian). doi 10.31250/2618-8619-2023-3(21)-103-117

 

DOI 10.31250/2618-8619-2023-3(21)-103-117
УДК 392(=512.122)

 

REFERENCES

  • Botaeva Z. F. Povsednevnaia zhizn’ kazakhskogo naroda v povesti V. I. Dalia “Bikei i Mauliana” (pervaia polovina XIX v.) [The Everyday Life of the Kazakh People in Novel of V. I.  Dal’ “Bikei and Maulyana” (First Half of the 19th Century)]. Shag v istoricheskuiu nauku. Materialy Vserossiiskoi konferentsii molodykh uchenykh [Step into Historical Science. Materials of the All-Russian Conference of Young Scientists]. Ekaterinburg: Ural’skii gosudarstvennyi pedagogicheskii universitet, 2017, iss. 17, pp. 8–10. (In Russian)
  • Dalaeva T. T. Ob osobennostiakh voennoi sluzhby kazakhskikh sultanov Orenburgskogo vedomstva (XIX v.) [About Features of Military Service of the Kazakh Sultans of the Orenburg Department (19th Century)]. URL: https://articlekz.com/article/18424 (accessed 11.05.2023). (In Russian)
  • Opria O. V. Fol’klornye traditsii v tvorchestve V. I. Dalia [Folklore Traditions in the Works of V. I. Dahl]. PhD diss. abstract. Samara, 2003. (In Russian)
  • Pochekaev R.  Iu. Stepnoe pravo i imperskii zakon v trudakh issledovatelei kazakhskogo prava XIX – nachala XX v. [The Steppe Law and Imperial Statute in Works of Russian Researchers of Kazakh Law of the 19th — Beginning of 20th Centuries]. Istoricheskii opyt Zemskikh soborov i sistematizatsii zakonodatel’stva v Rossii: k 370-letiiu priniatiia sobornogo ulozheniia i 470-letiiu sozyva pervogo zemskogo sobora. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Seriia: Istoricheskoe pravovedenie [Zemsky Sobor and Systematization of Russian Law in The Historical Retrospection: to the 370th Anniversary of the Council Code of 1649 and the 470th Anniversary of the First Zemsky Sobor Series: Historical Jurisprudence]. Saint Petersburg: Prezidentskaia biblioteka, 2019, iss. 7, pp. 140–154. (In Russian)
  • Sukhikh O. E. Obraz kazakha-kochevnika v russkoi obshchestvennoi mysli v kontse XVIII — pervoi polovine XIX veka [The Image of Kazakh Nomads in Russian Public Thought in the Late 18th — First Half of the 19th Century]. PhD diss. abstract. Omsk, 2007. (In Russian)
  • Temirgaliev R. Khan Aryngazy — zabytyi geroi kazakhskoi istorii [Aryngazy Khan — a Forgotten Hero of Kazakh History]. URL: https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1328337840 (accessed 11.05.2023). (In Russian)
  • Umarova G. S. V. I. Dal’: mir kazakhskogo etnosa v dokumental’no-nauchnykh i khudozhestvennykh tekstakh [В. I. Dahl: The World of the Kazakh Ethnicity in Scientific Documentary and Artistic Texts]. Ural’sk: Redakcionno-izdatel'skii centr ZKGU imeni M. Utemisova, 2012. (In Russian)
  • Vasil’ev D.  V. Kazakhskaia step’ v pervoi polovine XIX veka: na puti k integratsii [Russia and Kazakh Step in the First Half of the 19th Century]. Vestnik Rossiiskogo gumanitarnogo nauchnogo fonda, 2013, no.  4, pp.  5–21. (In Russian)
  • Vasil’ev D. V. Forpost imperii. Administrativnaia politika Rossii v Tsentral’noi Azii. Seredina XIX veka [Outpost of the Empire. Administrative Policy of Russia in Central Asia. Mid. 19th century]. Moscow: IBP, 2015. (In Russian)
  • Zimanov S. Z. Kazakhskii sud biev – obshchekul’turologicheskaia tsennost’ [Kazakh Court of Biys – General Cultural Value]. Almaty: Arys, 2009. (In Russian)
  • Zinurov R.  N. “Zheti zhargy” (“Sem’ ustanovlenii”) Tauke-khana kak velikii pamiatnik prava: pravovoi obychai, sudoproizvodstvo i nakazanie [“Zheti Zhargy” (“Seven Charters”) by Tauke Khan as a Great Legal Document: Legal Custom, Legal Procedure and Penalty]. Problemy vostokovedeniia, 2012, no.  4 (58), pp. 32–37. (In Russian)
  • Zubova I. K. “…Ia pishu ne skazku, a byl’ ” [“…I am Writing Not a Fairy Tale, But a True Story”]. Orenburgskii krai: arkhivnye dokumenty, materialy, issledovaniia [The Orenburg Region: Archival Documents, Materials, and Research]. Orenburg: OSPU, 2001, iss. 1, pp. 122–128. (In Russian)